Precautions for The Preparation of Vegetable Soilless Nutrient Solution
With the development of vegetable facilities in the world, the soil salinization caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the decline of vegetable quality, and the soil-borne diseases caused by years of planting have become more and more serious. At the same time, more and more farmers and agricultural plants are growing. The base began to grow vegetables using the soilless culture model. Hydroponic culture of hydroponic culture is a kind of soilless cultivation. It is classified into no-substrate cultivation. The non-matrix cultivation type refers to the absence of matrix-fixed roots in the environment of plant root growth. The roots grow in nutrient solution or humid air containing nutrient solution. However, some substrates may be used during seedlings. Soilless culture of vegetables is a new type of indoor soilless cultivation method, also known as nutrient liquid culture: the core is to fix the plant roots in the planting basket and let the roots naturally grow into the plant nutrient solution. Liquid can replace the natural soil to provide water, nutrients, temperature and other growth factors to the plant, so that the plant can grow normally and complete its entire life cycle. Soilless culture is an efficient cultivation mode with less impact on the environment and time and labor. However, we found that although the nutrient solution formula is mostly mature formula at home and abroad, it is easy to ignore some problems when formulating nutrient solution, thus affecting the cultivation effect. By summarizing and summarizing, we should pay attention to the following items:
1. The impact of water quality.
In vegetable production, in the process of nutrient solution configuration, water is generally taken locally. Due to the large difference in water quality in different regions, water will dissolve a variety of salts, and some salts will affect the effectiveness of nutrients in the process of arranging nutrient solution. Sex. Hydroponic plants should be supplied with liquid during the cultivation process to ensure adequate nutrient supply. The liquid supply time is generally selected during the day and no liquid supply or less liquid supply at night. The number of liquid supply on sunny days is more, and there is less liquid supply in rainy days; when the temperature is high, the light is stronger, and vice versa. Usually, the liquid is supplied 2-4 times a day, and it can be grasped for 30 minutes each time. This can be adjusted at the right time with the time controller. Therefore, when applying soilless culture techniques for the first time in a certain area, before the nutrient solution is configured, the water source used for the preparation of the nutrient solution must be tested. In the Hebei Province area, especially the need to pay special attention to the content of calcium and magnesium, the nutrient solution should be adjusted in time according to the water quality.
2. Effects of different matrices on nutrient solution configuration:
Due to the characteristics of some matrices, it will affect the hydrogen ion concentration index of nutrient solution, especially the pH value is too high, causing plant deficiency and affecting growth. For example, the overall performance of the grass charcoal is acidic or strong acidity, the rice husk is alkaline after carbonization, and the mushroom slag is alkaline. Therefore, the choice of the matrix should be taken into account when arranging the nutrient solution, especially the matrix which has a great influence on the pH value. pH adjustment is required to avoid affecting the development of the crop. Some places choose to mix the matrix to alleviate the adverse effects of a single matrix.
3. Nitrogen is the most demanding nutrient element in plant growth and determines the key elements of crop yield. However, excessive nitrogen concentration is likely to cause a decline in yield and quality. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the two main nitrogen sources directly absorbed by plants. Because plants contain ammonium nitrogen in nutrient solution, the absorption efficiency of nitrate nitrogen can be improved. In the proportioning process, if ammonium nitrogen accounts for the total When the nitrogen content is 5%, the amount of nitrogen used can be reduced by 10-20%. Ammonium nitrogen should not exceed 30% of total nitrogen, and excessive ammonia can cause ammonia poisoning. Especially in the hot season, due to the accelerated respiration of root cells, the concentration of sugar in the roots is reduced, which can not meet the normal metabolism of ammonium, causing the accumulation of ammonia in the roots, resulting in root death.
4. In order to ensure sufficient phosphorus, the concentration of phosphorus in the nutrient solution is generally chosen to be twice the amount of crop absorbed. However, more phosphorus is likely to cause the deficiency of trace elements in plants, which will affect the absorption of elements such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc, especially the high content of phosphorus can hinder the normal absorption of zinc.
5. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are several elements with high demand for plants, which are closely related to crop growth. Due to the influence of matrix adsorption and plant absorption rate, the content of nutrient elements in nutrient solution is generally greater than that of crops. However, in most cases, the deficiency syndrome exhibited by the crop is not really lacking an element, but is caused by an imbalance in the concentration of various nutrient ions. For example, excessive potassium supply will affect the balance between various ions, especially the balance between nitrogen and potassium, affecting the absorption of calcium and magnesium ions by plants. In the soilless culture of solanaceous vegetables, the nutrient elements with relatively large demand during the whole growth period are nitrogen, potassium and calcium, while the absorption of phosphorus and magnesium is relatively small. The ratio of potassium to calcium affects yield and quality. The most important factor is that the ratio of potassium to calcium should be around 1:1.
6, in the nutrient solution configuration, the amount of trace elements is less, should be formulated into a mother liquid, placed in the dark place to save, with the nutrient solution in proportion. In order to prevent crop iron deficiency, iron is generally supplied separately. Since inorganic iron is easily precipitated in a solution with a high pH value, chelated iron is generally used, but it should be noted that chelated iron easily causes copper and zinc in crops. Lack of it. Due to the influence of phosphorus and chelated iron, zinc is generally recommended to be twice the amount of nutrient solution. In short, the preparation of nutrient solution is the core of vegetable soilless cultivation work. Grasping the configuration process and method of nutrient solution, combined with the actual flexibility and regulation, can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
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1. The impact of water quality.
In vegetable production, in the process of nutrient solution configuration, water is generally taken locally. Due to the large difference in water quality in different regions, water will dissolve a variety of salts, and some salts will affect the effectiveness of nutrients in the process of arranging nutrient solution. Sex. Hydroponic plants should be supplied with liquid during the cultivation process to ensure adequate nutrient supply. The liquid supply time is generally selected during the day and no liquid supply or less liquid supply at night. The number of liquid supply on sunny days is more, and there is less liquid supply in rainy days; when the temperature is high, the light is stronger, and vice versa. Usually, the liquid is supplied 2-4 times a day, and it can be grasped for 30 minutes each time. This can be adjusted at the right time with the time controller. Therefore, when applying soilless culture techniques for the first time in a certain area, before the nutrient solution is configured, the water source used for the preparation of the nutrient solution must be tested. In the Hebei Province area, especially the need to pay special attention to the content of calcium and magnesium, the nutrient solution should be adjusted in time according to the water quality.
2. Effects of different matrices on nutrient solution configuration:
Due to the characteristics of some matrices, it will affect the hydrogen ion concentration index of nutrient solution, especially the pH value is too high, causing plant deficiency and affecting growth. For example, the overall performance of the grass charcoal is acidic or strong acidity, the rice husk is alkaline after carbonization, and the mushroom slag is alkaline. Therefore, the choice of the matrix should be taken into account when arranging the nutrient solution, especially the matrix which has a great influence on the pH value. pH adjustment is required to avoid affecting the development of the crop. Some places choose to mix the matrix to alleviate the adverse effects of a single matrix.
3. Nitrogen is the most demanding nutrient element in plant growth and determines the key elements of crop yield. However, excessive nitrogen concentration is likely to cause a decline in yield and quality. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the two main nitrogen sources directly absorbed by plants. Because plants contain ammonium nitrogen in nutrient solution, the absorption efficiency of nitrate nitrogen can be improved. In the proportioning process, if ammonium nitrogen accounts for the total When the nitrogen content is 5%, the amount of nitrogen used can be reduced by 10-20%. Ammonium nitrogen should not exceed 30% of total nitrogen, and excessive ammonia can cause ammonia poisoning. Especially in the hot season, due to the accelerated respiration of root cells, the concentration of sugar in the roots is reduced, which can not meet the normal metabolism of ammonium, causing the accumulation of ammonia in the roots, resulting in root death.
4. In order to ensure sufficient phosphorus, the concentration of phosphorus in the nutrient solution is generally chosen to be twice the amount of crop absorbed. However, more phosphorus is likely to cause the deficiency of trace elements in plants, which will affect the absorption of elements such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc, especially the high content of phosphorus can hinder the normal absorption of zinc.
5. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are several elements with high demand for plants, which are closely related to crop growth. Due to the influence of matrix adsorption and plant absorption rate, the content of nutrient elements in nutrient solution is generally greater than that of crops. However, in most cases, the deficiency syndrome exhibited by the crop is not really lacking an element, but is caused by an imbalance in the concentration of various nutrient ions. For example, excessive potassium supply will affect the balance between various ions, especially the balance between nitrogen and potassium, affecting the absorption of calcium and magnesium ions by plants. In the soilless culture of solanaceous vegetables, the nutrient elements with relatively large demand during the whole growth period are nitrogen, potassium and calcium, while the absorption of phosphorus and magnesium is relatively small. The ratio of potassium to calcium affects yield and quality. The most important factor is that the ratio of potassium to calcium should be around 1:1.
6, in the nutrient solution configuration, the amount of trace elements is less, should be formulated into a mother liquid, placed in the dark place to save, with the nutrient solution in proportion. In order to prevent crop iron deficiency, iron is generally supplied separately. Since inorganic iron is easily precipitated in a solution with a high pH value, chelated iron is generally used, but it should be noted that chelated iron easily causes copper and zinc in crops. Lack of it. Due to the influence of phosphorus and chelated iron, zinc is generally recommended to be twice the amount of nutrient solution. In short, the preparation of nutrient solution is the core of vegetable soilless cultivation work. Grasping the configuration process and method of nutrient solution, combined with the actual flexibility and regulation, can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Welcome comment below or check the professional site: vanqled.com to know more!
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